Adverse effect of artificial food colouring and benzoate preservatives on the behaviour of 3 year old children

Published in the Arch Dis Child 2004;89:506-511 doi:10.1136/adc.2003.031435

The effects of a double blind, placebo controlled, artificial food colourings and benzoate preservative challenge on hyperactivity in a general population sample of preschool children
B Bateman1, J O Warner1, E Hutchinson3, T Dean5, P Rowlandson4, C Gant5, J Grundy5, C Fitzgerald3, J Stevenson2
1Infection, Inflammation and Repair Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
2Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
3Department of Clinical Psychology, St Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK
4Department of Paediatrics, St Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK
5David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK

This study can be accessed at: http://adc.bmj.com/content/89/6/506.full
 
The aim of the study was to determine whether artificial food colourings and a preservative in the diet of 3 year old children in the general population influence hyperactive behaviour.
 
Bateman concluded: "There is a general adverse effect of artificial food colouring and benzoate preservatives on the behaviour of 3 year old children"
 
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Synthetic food colorings linked to ADHD

Published in the J PEDIATR 1994;125:691-8

Synthetic food coloring and behavior: A dose response effect in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures study
Katherine S. Rowe, MBBS, MPH, Dip Ed(Lond), FRACP, Kenneth J. Rowe, BA(Hons), MSc(Lond)

This study can be accessede at: http://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(94)70059-1/abstract
 
The premise of the study was to establish whether there is an association between the ingestion of synthetic food colorings and behavioral change in children referred for assessment of "hyperactivity" (ADHD).
 
200 children were included in a 6-week open trial of a diet free of synthetic food coloring. The parents of 150 children reported behavioral improvement with the diet, and deterioration on the introduction of foods noted to contain synthetic coloring.
 
Rowe noted that the higher the synthetic food colouring in the diet, the more effect it had on behaviour.

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